Pecuarius software

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Species summary: Swift, Horus Apus horus. Legend 0. These records Are where there is no formal project, but data has been collected. These records are not verified as yet. Legend Species Present. Assess the selected records as:. Record accepted Record held over Record rejected. Reassign selected records:. Update Records. Our mark-recapture data were not over-dispersed Supplementary Table 4. Perturbation analyses provide information about the relative effect that each component of a matrix model has on the population-level response, in our case ASR.

To assess how influential sex biases in parameters associated with each of the three life stages were on ASR dynamics, we employed a life table response experiment LTRE. The two-sex mating function makes our model non-linear in the sense that the projection matrix, and specifically the fecundity elements Eq. Perturbation analyses must therefore accommodate the indirect effects of parameter perturbations on population response via their effects on population structure, such as the relative abundance of males and females which can affect mating dynamics and fecundity.

To estimate the sensitivities of the ASR to vital rate parameters, we employed numerical methods that independently perturbed each parameter of the matrix, simulated the model through time steps, and calculated ASR at equilibrium.

This approach appropriately accounts for the non-linear feedbacks between vital rates and population structure, though it does not isolate the contribution of this feedback 49 , Under either scenario i. Likewise, for all populations, sex biases at hatching and in mating system had negligible effects on ASR variation Supplementary Fig. To test the relationship between ASR bias and parental cooperation, we conducted a regression analysis of the following quadratic model:.

We chose a quadratic model a priori as we expected maximum parental cooperation at unbiased ASR but minimum cooperation at both male- and female-biased ASRs see inset in Fig.

This relationship was assessed with a bootstrap procedure that incorporated uncertainty in our estimates of ASR and parental care. We ran iterations of the bootstrap and evaluated overall relationships by visualising the central tendency of the regressions. We also evaluated the relationship between ASR variation and male-only or female-only care using a similar bootstrap procedure of the following models:.

In this case, we chose exponential models a priori as we expected a non-linear increase in uni-parental care by the abundant sex under biased ASR Supplementary Fig.

However, the overall magnitude of the effect of ASR variation on female-only care was less than that of male-only care. We provide all computer code and documentation as a RMarkdown file Supplementary Data 1. We provide all the raw datasets needed to reproduce our modelling and analyses. Arbuthnott, J. An argument for divine providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the births of both sexes. Article Google Scholar. Darwin, C. Donald, P.

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Demographic causes of adult sex ratio variation and their consequences for parental cooperation. Nat Commun 9, Download citation.

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Advanced search. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Behavioural ecology Population dynamics Sexual selection. Abstract The adult sex ratio ASR is a fundamental concept in population biology, sexual selection, and social evolution.